Friday, May 29, 2020

Brita Case Study - Free Essay Example

The Brita Products Company began in 1988 under the recommendation of Charlie Couric, a marketing executive with the Clorox Company. Optimistic of its capability to be profitable, Clorox acquired the right to market the home water filtration system. Clorox, citing the overriding long-term benefits of continuous filter sales, initially engaged in deficit spending. Such measures paid off and Clorox not only created a $350 million market, but also captured 70% of the market revenue. Brita enjoyed success in the market by creating a perception of better tasting water. However, as water purification technology improved and consumer awareness increased, taste alone was no longer enough to sustain its massive market share. Consumers are demanding more in terms of health benefits and Brita needs to respond to their growing needs and wants. The market environment is characterized by fast growth. As consumers are becoming more health-conscious, bottled water and water-filtration systems are becoming a necessity for most, with a Brita pitcher in 1 out of 7 homes – 103 million households. Brita’s competitors were unable to effectively rival Brita in pitcher sales. Brita dominated despite many new entrants to the market. However, a small competitor, PUR, launched a different water filtration product. PUR’s faucet-filter system offered added health and convenience benefits that Brita’s pitcher couldn’t provide. Now suddenly, our competitors came up with the first mover product. Thus Couric is considering allocating resources to launch a faucet-mounted filtration system in response to these emerging competitors. Many think Brita needs to capitalize on this opportunity to gain new consumers while their name still remains synonymous with quality and taste. Thus raising the question, how should Brita attempt to further penetrate the market with their products? Lets take a look at the Pros and Cons of each option: Option 1: Implement the new faucet mount filtration system The Purpose This writing aims to present one possible solution to the dilemma that Clorox Company faces. The Clorox Company was the market leader in water filtration in the USA with the Brita Pitcher (one of the Clorox’s most important product), but in 1999 they faced the threat of a new product the faucet mounted filter. Clorox already had its own version of this new product ready to launch into the market, so the issue was to decide the best of the following strategies: 1. Continue selling only the current product; 2. Introduce their new faucet mounted filter in addition to the pitcher into the market 2. The Analysis Market Summary Clorox launched in 1988 the Brita Pitcher and after a decade they were the market leaders of water filtration systems with a market share of 69%. After the Brita pitcher launch, the water quality became a growing concern to consumers. This new attitude about the quality of drinking water allowed the puri fied water market to grow in both bottled water and filter systems. This growing on the water market, allowed Clorox After overview Has not defined product Market segmentation

Saturday, May 16, 2020

The Origins Of North America - 812 Words

North America is a region in the North Hemisphere, and is also deemed a subcontinent. One thing that shaped North America current physical geography was glaciers. Glaciers are what influence majority of the current landscape of North America today. North America also has a wide range of natural hazards that affects the region more than any other continent, due to the proximity of water and the latitude. The region also has a long history of the influences of the European settlers and help shaped the human geography. The current physical geography of North America was formed from the role that the glaciers played. Glaciers used to cover majority parts of the region. The ice slowly began to melt and loosen up the soil and rocks. Ray Louis writes, â€Å"†¦the glaciers smoothed, polished, and scratched the rock outcrops, producing a more subdued landscape† (Louis). The soil and rock would then become an abrasive and was the beginning of shaping the landscape. The glaciers me lting wore down the hilltops and valleys began to fill up. The melting of the glaciers also began to carry large rubble of different sizes and would clog the rivers with gravel and sand. The thawing glaciers slowly shaped the current physical geography of North America. As a result, these resources form mountains, streams, and lakes. North America has a wide range of natural hazards due to the latitude and proximity of water. The latitude and proximity play a part in the spreading of climate related disaster inShow MoreRelated The Origins of Chattel Slavery in Colonial North America Essay1579 Words   |  7 PagesThe Origins of Chattel Slavery in Colonial North America There have been many illuminating studies in the field of the origins of chattel slavery in Colonial North America. Alpert, 1970; Edmondson, 1976; Jordan, 1962: Ruchames, 1967; Starr, 1973, wrote seminal studies that did much to bring insight to the subject. Goetz, 2009; Mason, 2006; Smaje, 2002; Neeganagwedgin, 2012, presented evidence that have either reexamined old questions or used new methods and approaches to ask news questionsRead MoreNafta And Theu.s. North American Free Trade Agreement1063 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The formation of NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) has brought many advantages among the nations of the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. Since its inception in 1994, it is difficult to see the great effect NAFTA has economically whether it is good or bad due to currency fluctuations, and economic growth (Villarreal Fergusson, 2014). This is why the paper will go into the advantages that NAFTA has brought to the countries mentioned above. The advantages that will be discussedRead MoreThe Caribbean Plate And Its Evolution, Origin And The Active Physical Process Within Tectonic Environments1685 Words   |  7 PagesTHE CARIBBEAN PLATE Evolution and Origin Ronald Gobin B00673944 Erth 4350 Professor: Nicholas Culshaw December 6th 2016 Introduction The following report will introduce the topic of the Caribbean plate and its evolution, origin and the active physical process within tectonic environments. The Pacific model will be discussed in this paper, and assumes the formation of the Caribbean plate at the Galapagos hotspot in the Pacific Ocean during the Middle Cretaceous. Regional SettingRead MoreHeterosexual Natural And Homosexual Aberrant Axiom1117 Words   |  5 Pagespursue it in America. The new and different interpretations of the racial and sexual binaries also expose the primary violence that creates binaries and accommodates the human desire for transcendence. 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B: Source D is portraying the effect of Atlantic slave trade on Africa, Europe and only North America. The cartoon depicts a pile of gold stacked on the continent of Europe and North America, and African is shown to be dug up completely. The message this cartoon portrays is that Atlantic slave trade helped North America and Europe to become rich, and caused complete exhaustion of all the resources in Africa. 2: The origin of Source A is from HistoryRead MoreMinorities695 Words   |  3 Pagesabout 79 percent of our population. The common ancestries are from Europe and the Middle East. They came to North America and homesteaded here learning from the natives. After time, more of Europe sailed over and the population grew. The White American has been the most promenade race in the United States since Columbus sailed to North America. The natives taught the Europeans to live in America and then after time instead of living in peace we took over there land, killed them, and segregated themRead MoreUnderstanding The Distributions Of Religions942 Words   |  4 Pagespeople living in one place. Atheism is the belief that there is no God and Agnosticism is the belief that the fact that there is a God or no God cannot be proven. Christianity is a universalizing religion. It is the dominant religion in North America, South America, Europe, and Australia. Countries with a Christian majority exist in Africa and Asia as well. There are three major branches of Christianity–Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, and Orthodoxy. In Europe, Roman Catholicism is the dominant branchRead More Foods That Influenced The World Essay843 Words   |  4 Pageshad turkey and dressing, cranberry sauce and pumpkin pie. While most people think of foods like pecan pie and cornbread stuffing as being southern in origin, they don’t realize that what their eating has it’s roots in the native American culture. I intend to show how much of the food we eat today was first cultivated by the native people of the Americas. Moreover, the impact this food has had upon the world. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When the early explorers sailed back to Europe, they took withRead MoreEnglish Language866 Words   |  4 PagesIndex 1. Presentation Page 2. Index 3. Introduction 4. Origin of English Language 5. Origin of the English Language 6. Origin of the English Language 7. How did the English Language spread around the world? amp; English as a major business communication around the world. } 8. Conclusion Introduction The English Language has been spoken for many years, in this project I will talk about its origin and how it is divided in different periods you can how it has transformation

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

A Central Nervous System Stimulant - 974 Words

Adrafinil is a central nervous system stimulant that is used to increase wakefulness in the daytime, has been shown to improve mood, increase cognitive function, help energy levels, and help with symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, one of the more desirable effects of Adrafinil is its ability to increase memory function and, in some cases, increase the learning capacity of those who take it. Adrafinil is taken in doses between 150 mg and 300. The mechanism by which Adrafinil is able to work on alertness and memory retention is through its stimulating effects on the central nervous system. Adrafinil is believed to increase the amount of orexin produced by the brain’s hypothalamus. The increase in orexin leads to an increase in†¦show more content†¦The mechanism by which it accomplishes this is by increasing serotonin levels in the brain. Serotonin is the neurotransmitter that is most commonly associated with chemical imbalances that lead to depression. In fact , the most common antidepressants prescribed by doctors are those that limit the reuptake of serotonin by a cell and thus increase the levels of extracellular serotonin. Adrafinil also increases the levels of extracellular serotonin and thus can improve mood, reduce anxiety and limit the crippling effects of depression. As previously noted, one of the most desirable effects of Adrafinil is its ability to enhance the memory of those who take it. The first way it accomplishes this is by increasing the body’s production of norepinephrine. Norepinephrine has been shown in laboratory testing of mice to be very crucial for memory development, specifically at the moment the memory is formed. Healthy mice and experimental mice that were mutated to no longer produce norepinephrine were both tested on a water maze that would test spatial as well as contextual memory. The mice that were healthy were able to remember the layout of the maze and perform better after the first few tests. Ho wever, the mice that did not produce norepinephrine were not able to remember the maze layout and did not improve their maze completion times. This experiment showed the importance of norepinephrine in forming memories. Adrafinil can thus

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Geography Senegal An In Depth Study Senegal Is A Republic Located In Essay Example For Students

Geography Senegal: An In Depth Study Senegal Is A Republic Located In Essay western Africa and has Dakar which is its largest city as capital. On the northern border is located Mauritania, on the east is Mali and on the Guinea. Senegal is also bordered by the Atlantic ocean on the west. Located in the center of the country is the small republic of Gambia. The county is pierced by the River Gambia. (see figure: 1)Figure 1Senegal primarily is made up of a large plain. The only real exceptions to this are in the south east where relatively high elevations exist. There are only a few rivers of any reasonable size in Senegal, these include; the Saloum, Gambia, Casamance and of course the Senegal which runs along the northern border of the country. Like all rivers, these recess during dry seasons and surge forth during wet seasons. Like most other countries of this region in Africa, Senegal has a vast multitude of climatic regions. These range from dry desert to a wet tropical zone in the southern portion of the country leaving the dry region to the north. There are two distinct seasons; the dry season, and the rainy season. The latter lasts from July to October in the north. (see figure: 2)Figure 2 Here, the rainfall averages 350 mm . In the south the season starts a month later in June but ends as it does in the north in October. In the north the average yearly rainfall averages 1525 mm . In January the average temperature is 22 degrees centigrade and in July it averages at 28 degrees centigrade. In Senegal the citizens to indeed have to endure very diverse climatic conditions.Figure 3Figure 4 As mentioned before the northern portion of the country is dominated by very dry desert like conditions while the south is a very wet region. The northern portion of the Country is part of the Sahal which is a buffer for the wetter southern part of the country against the Sahara which is located to the north of the country. In the Sahel the vegetation resembles that of the movie The Lion King in that it consists primarily of savanna grasses with random outcroppings of small stunted shrubs (see Figure: 3). As you move south towards the Gambia trees become more common. Further south still, there are actual swamps and dense forests. In these forests the typical tropical woods can be found including mahogany, palms and bamboo. In the Gambia and the others rivers as well crocodiles and hippopotamuses can be found. Other animals such as elephants can be found in the eastern portion of the country. Senegals infamous varieties of snake include the cobra and the boa constrictor. Senegal possess many minerals and other natural resources. Among these is Senegals principal exploited mineral resource, phosphates.( see figure:5) Iron ore is also present I but it has not yet been exploited due to a lack of accessibility. In the 1970s deposits of both natural gas and petroleum were located off the western coast of Senegal. Figure 5 Senegals economy is based primarily on agriculture. The soul of the agricultural economy is based on peanuts, literally. Although this is the case Senegal has a growing industrial sector which is the largest in West Africa. Senegal receives aid from France and other European countries through the World Bank. Senegal is starting to learn to budget, and is now only spending $700 million more than the country brings in every year. About 27% of Senegals land is arable which is veryinproportionate to the 78% of the population which relies on subsistence farming. Because of French colonization, Senegal is now the leading producer of peanuts in the world. These peanuts are primarily grown in the north-west but are also grown in other parts of the country. .u772e9a64e27373fe7c4d6eeab6384594 , .u772e9a64e27373fe7c4d6eeab6384594 .postImageUrl , .u772e9a64e27373fe7c4d6eeab6384594 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u772e9a64e27373fe7c4d6eeab6384594 , .u772e9a64e27373fe7c4d6eeab6384594:hover , .u772e9a64e27373fe7c4d6eeab6384594:visited , .u772e9a64e27373fe7c4d6eeab6384594:active { border:0!important; } .u772e9a64e27373fe7c4d6eeab6384594 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u772e9a64e27373fe7c4d6eeab6384594 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u772e9a64e27373fe7c4d6eeab6384594:active , .u772e9a64e27373fe7c4d6eeab6384594:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u772e9a64e27373fe7c4d6eeab6384594 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u772e9a64e27373fe7c4d6eeab6384594 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u772e9a64e27373fe7c4d6eeab6384594 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u772e9a64e27373fe7c4d6eeab6384594 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u772e9a64e27373fe7c4d6eeab6384594:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u772e9a64e27373fe7c4d6eeab6384594 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u772e9a64e27373fe7c4d6eeab6384594 .u772e9a64e27373fe7c4d6eeab6384594-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u772e9a64e27373fe7c4d6eeab6384594:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Incarceration vs treatment Essay Peanuts and peanut oils constitute a significant percent of the yearly export earnings ranging from 29% in the 80s to 12% in the early 90s . Most of the land isFigure 6 devoted to the production of peanuts and great strides have beenmade recently to diversify the types of crops grown. (see Figure:6) Among the crops to be grown are; rice, and tomatoes. This will allow the people of Senegal to produce food which could sustain its population. The traditional crops of Senegal are; sugarcane, millet and sorghum, peanuts, rice, and maize. The livestock raised are; cattle, sheep, goats, and poultry. Senegals coast is rich with fish. With the use of a modern fishing fleet Senegal harvested over 319 700 tons which represented 23% of export earnings in 1990 . Mining is not a small business in Senegal, 1990s production of phosphates totaled 5.1 million cu m . There is also a oil refinery which processes oil for foreign oil as well as domestic. Senegal also employs other processing plants such as those used for peanuts, flour, chemicals, and tobacco products. There are several power plants in Senegal which have the capacity of 230 kilowatt and can produce 720 kWh of electricity a year. All of the power generated in Senegal is done so thermally.(see figure 7)Figure 7 The currency in Senegal is the franc, which is broken down into 100 centimes. The rate of exchange for the franc is 295. 2 to 1 U.S. dollar or 50 francs for 1 French franc.The constitution of 1963, amended 1991, provides for a single-chamber legislature, the 120-member national assembly, elected by universal suffrage for a five-year term. The president, also elected by universal suffrage, serves a seven-year term, renewable only once. The president appoints a prime minister to lead a council of ministers. Senegals ten regions enjoy a high degree of autonomy, each having its own appointed governor and elected assembly and controlling a separate budget. history For early history, see Africa. Portuguese explorers arrived in the 15th century, and French settlers in the 17th. Senegal had a French governor from 1854, became part of French West Africa 1895, and a territory 1902.Senegal became an independent republic Sept 1960, with L?opold S?dar Senghor, leader of the Senegalese Progressive Union (UPS), as its first president. Senghor was also prime minister 1962-70. The UPS was the only legal party from 1966 until in Dec 1976 it was reconstituted as the Senegalese Socialist Party (PS) and two opposition parties were legally registered. In 1978 Senghor was decisively reelected. Senghor retired at the end of 1980 and was succeeded by Abdou Diouf, who declared an amnesty for political offenders and permitted more parties to register. In the 1983 elections the PS won 111 of the assembly seats and the main opposition, the Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS), eight seats. Later that year Diouf tightened control of his party and the government, abolishing the post of prime minister. This met open, sometimes violent, opposition, but he and the PS remained firmly in power. In 1980 Senegal sent troops to the Gambia to protect it against a suspected Libyan invasion, and it intervened again 1981 to thwart an attempted coup. As the two countries came closer together, they agreed on an eventual merger, and the confederation of Senegambia came into being Feb 1982. Senegal has always maintained close links with France, allowing it to retain military bases. In the Feb 1988 elections Diouf was reelected president with 73% of the vote, but his ruling party had a slightly reduced majority in the national assembly. In April 1989 border disputes led to a severance of diplomatic relations with neighboring Mauritania, with more than 450 people killed during violent clashes between Senegalese and Mauritanians. Over 50,000 people were repaid from both countries May 1989. .u697f683c0d4eaf467fbcc3c95166a2cb , .u697f683c0d4eaf467fbcc3c95166a2cb .postImageUrl , .u697f683c0d4eaf467fbcc3c95166a2cb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u697f683c0d4eaf467fbcc3c95166a2cb , .u697f683c0d4eaf467fbcc3c95166a2cb:hover , .u697f683c0d4eaf467fbcc3c95166a2cb:visited , .u697f683c0d4eaf467fbcc3c95166a2cb:active { border:0!important; } .u697f683c0d4eaf467fbcc3c95166a2cb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u697f683c0d4eaf467fbcc3c95166a2cb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u697f683c0d4eaf467fbcc3c95166a2cb:active , .u697f683c0d4eaf467fbcc3c95166a2cb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u697f683c0d4eaf467fbcc3c95166a2cb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u697f683c0d4eaf467fbcc3c95166a2cb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u697f683c0d4eaf467fbcc3c95166a2cb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u697f683c0d4eaf467fbcc3c95166a2cb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u697f683c0d4eaf467fbcc3c95166a2cb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u697f683c0d4eaf467fbcc3c95166a2cb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u697f683c0d4eaf467fbcc3c95166a2cb .u697f683c0d4eaf467fbcc3c95166a2cb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u697f683c0d4eaf467fbcc3c95166a2cb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Metamorphosis Of Malcolm X Essay In Aug 1989 formal recognition was given of the ending of the unsuccessful federation of Senegambia. Constitutional changes were proposed Sept 1991, including the reduction of the voting age from 21 to 18 and the limitation of the presidential mandate to two terms. Diplomatic relations with Mauritania, severed 1989, were restored April 1992. In March 1993 Diouf was reelected for a third and (under the revised constitution) final term. In May the ruling Senegalese Socialist Party (PS) was the assembly elections and in June a new cabinet was formed, with Habib Thiam as prime minister (the post having been reinstated 1992). The political history of Senegal is not as bloody as many of the other countries of Africa so the countys fifth world status can not be blamed on this but rather on the French and their despotic rule of the country. The French persuaded the farmers of Senegal to produce peanuts which was a crop of little benefit to the locals, but could fetch a high price for the French. Very little of the proceeds were actually given to the farmers with the remaining amount staying in France. Now the farmers of Senegal are still producing peanuts and receiving very little money for them because the price has dropped drastically. The result is that the farmers grow peanuts so that they can get money to buy food. There is nowhere near enough money to provide for a whole family. To drag Senegal out of the fifth world we must first make them agriculturally self sufficient so that they are now no longer starving. This is possible by teaching them new farming techniques, providing them with wells, and providing them with seeds that will grow into a wide variety of crops.

Friday, April 17, 2020

Roberto Clemente Essays (478 words) - Roberto Clemente, Clemente

Roberto Clemente Team: Pittsburgh Pirates Roberto Clemente was born in Carolina, Puerto Rico on August 18th 1934. He was the first Hispanic baseball player to be inducted into the baseball Hall of Fame. He was also the second baseball player to be put on a postage stamp. Roberto Clemente was plagued with back pain during his career, but still he proved to be one of the greatest baseball players of all time. Roberto Clemente had always like baseball. He was also fortunate to join a professional Puerto Rican baseball team at the age of 17. He spent his first season with the Brooklyn Dodgers farm team. He was thinking about quitting because he was treated very strangely. The franchise was trying to hide Clemente from the Giants so when he played good, they would bench him. But when he did bad, they would keep him in the game. Clemente later returned to Puerto Rico after his first, disappointing season to visit his brother, who was dying from a brain tumor. While he was there, a drunk driver smashed into his car and permanently damaged three spinal discs, which would bother him through the rest of his career. In 1954, the Pittsburgh Pirates drafted Clemente for $4,000 and put him out in right field. During his first season he gunned down 18 runners. He got 20 runners out in his second season. In his second season he had a .311 batting average and had 5 homeruns. Then in 1958 he led the National League in outfield assists with 22. In 1960 Clemente had a fantastic year. He hit 16 homers, batted .314 and had 94 R.B.I's (runs batted in). He led his team to the National League pennant. And shocked the nation with an upset over the Yankees in the World Series. Clemente batted .310 for the series. He won his first batting title in 1961, hitting .351 with 23 homers, 10 triples, and 89 RBIs. Clemente used to overswing the bat and his head would "bob" when he swung a bat. So Clemente started using a heavier bat. After that he went on to enjoy 11 of 12 seasons with his batting average above .300. In late December of 1972 an earthquake struck Nicaragua. More than 6,000 people were killed, 20,000 injured. After hearing that some of the supplies they had sent to Nicaragua were not getting to the right people, Clemente decided to take matters into his own hands. He flew to Nicaragua in a cargo plane and make sure that distribution was carried out properly. On New Year's Eve he boarded an overloaded DC-7 Air Force Plane that he rented for $4,000 to fly to Nicaragua. The plane crashed into the ocean shortly after takeoff. Roberto Clemente was the first Hispanic baseball player ever inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame, and in 1994 a statue of him was unveiled at Three Rivers Stadium at the all-star game.

Friday, March 13, 2020

Signifying Definition and Examples in English

Signifying Definition and Examples in English Signifying is a combination of rhetorical strategies employed in African American speech communitiesin particular, the use of irony and indirection to express ideas and opinions. In The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of African-American Literary Criticism  (Oxford University Press, 1988), Henry Louis Gates describes signifyin(g) as a trope in which are subsumed several other rhetorical tropes, including metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony (the master tropes), and also hyperbole, litotes, and metalepsis ([Harold] Blooms supplement to [Kenneth] Burke). To this list, we could easily add aporia, chiasmus, and catachresis, all of which are used in the ritual of signifyin(g). Examples and Observations Above all, signifying is a ritualistic practice that serves various functions in different African American discursive and communal spaces. Some scholars define signifying as primarily a male-dominated activity (the female version is called specifying). African American men in this verbal art form focus their anger, aggression, and frustration into a relatively harmless exchange of wordplay where they can establish their masculinity in verbal battles with their peers. This form of signifying lends itself to validating a pecking order style of dominance based on the result of the verbal exchange. . . .Signifying can affirm, critique, or build community through the involvement of its participants. (Carole Boyce Davies, Encyclopedia of the African Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture. ABC-CLIO, 2008)Women, and to certain extent children, commonly use more indirect methods of signifying. These range from the most obvious kinds of indirection, like using an unexpected pronoun in di scourse (Didnt we come to shine today or Who thinks his drawers dont stink?), to the more subtle technique, of louding or loud-talking in a different sense from the one above. A person is loud-talking when he says something of someone just loud enough for that person to hear, but indirectly, so he cannot properly respond (Mitchell-Kernan). Another technique of signifying through indirection is making reference to a person or group not present, in order to start trouble between someone present and the ones who are not. An example of this technique is the famous toast, The Signifying Monkey. (Roger D. Abrahams, Talking Black. Newbury House, 1976) Rhetorically, for the African American community, the strategy behind indirection suggests that direct confrontation in everyday discourse is to be avoided when possible. . . . Normally, indirection has been treated as a function of the speech acts and not as a rhetorical strategy in oral discourse. Boasting, bragging, loud talking, rapping, signifying, and, to a degree, playing the dozens have elements of indirection. . . .While signifying is a way of encoding a message, ones shared cultural knowledge is the basis on which any reinterpretation of the message is made. Theoretically, signifying (Black) as a concept can be used to give meaning to rhetorical acts of African Americans and indicate a Black presence. Rhetorically, one can also explore texts for the manner in which the themes or worldviews of other texts are repeated and revised with a signal difference, but based on shared knowledge. (Thurmon Garner and Carolyn Calloway-Thomas, African American Orality. Understanding Afric an American Rhetoric: Classical Origins to Contemporary Innovations, ed. by Ronald L. Jackson II and Elaine B. Richardson. Routledge, 2003) Also known as: signifyin(g), signifyin

Wednesday, February 26, 2020

The Case of the Rewired Supply Chain Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Case of the Rewired Supply Chain - Coursework Example Organization lacks a linkage between their various arms. These problems are discussed below with appropriate solutions. Problems The problems in the company can be classified in two categories i.e. strategic and operational. Both of them are discussed below: Strategic ORUN have become very independent in its local procedures. Communication is present in the plant but not in local headquarters. Due to this problem of communication, results of various transactions are not reaching to the headquarters on time. All plants are so independent that they have their own metrics and measurement systems. This is resulting in confused staffing reports. There is no agreement in the companies that which products are profitable and which are not. Company is not working on the value contribution in its products. Supply chain procedure of the company is quite traditional and long. It should revise its supply chain management system. The overall cost of the company in conducting business is high. Ther e is a lack of proper planning, organizing and forecasting. Operational Inventory management in the company from production to final delivery has become quite costly, because all operations are performed by its own departments. This involves more workers, raw material management, pay scales etc. Due to lack of proper management systems there is excess in raw materials and finished goods inventories. There is not a balance between supply and demand of products. There is a problem in its manufacturing operation systems. Contribution of suppliers is unknown by the company. There is an absence of supplier management program. This analysis shows that company is facing many issues on both strategic and operational level. It is imperative to control the present condition of the entity in order to be competitive in future. 1.2 Using the facts of the case, as well as theories and best practices that you have learned in the PROC 5820, Operations Management course, prepare a short description as to what you intend to do to address each of the 5 goals above Many methodologies can be used for operations management such as SCOR, it is a supply chain management model proposed by Supply Chain Council. Another model which is frequently used for management of operations is SCM which is proposed by global supply chain forum. These five goals of the company can be achieved by using SCM model. Supply chain management system SCM will help the company to change management functions of individuals and will help to integrate all the activities in the supply chain process. It will result in efficient communication among all departments and will reduce the excess inventory. For instance, the purchasing department places an order with all known information. Marketing department will be able to respond to the customer demand. It will enable to communicate with suppliers in order to fulfill customers demand. This kind of information shared among various supply partners will promote integra tion in the whole system. This will promote standardization among suppliers and will lead to improvement in the overall supply chain management system. Procurement Company should consider bulk shipments, through this supplier will reduce the transportation cost on imported raw materials and one will be able to receive more credit by suppliers. This can be done only through implementing effective information technology systems, so that the communication gap between different plants can be reduced. This should not